Iinxalenye zeemoto zihlala zibhekisa kuzo zonke iindawo kunye neenxalenye ngaphandle kwesakhelo semoto. Phakathi kwazo, iinxalenye zibhekisa kwinxalenye enye engenakwahlulwa. Inxalenye yindibaniselwano yeenxalenye eziphumeza isenzo (okanye umsebenzi). Ngenxa yophuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nophuculo oluthe ngcembe lwenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwabemi, imfuno yeenxalenye zeemoto zeemoto ezintsha iyanda.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobunini bezithuthi eTshayina, imfuno yezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo kwimarike yamva nje efana nokugcinwa kwezithuthi kunye nokuguqulwa kwezithuthi iyanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye iimfuno zezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo ziya zisanda. Ishishini lezixhobo zeemoto laseTshayina lenze impumelelo entle kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
1. Iprofayili yoShishino: Iimveliso ezibanzi nezihlukeneyo.
Iinxalenye zemoto zihlala zibhekisa kuzo zonke iindawo kunye nezinto ngaphandle kwefreyimu yemoto. Phakathi kwazo, iindawo zibhekisa kwinxalenye enye engenakwahlulwa. Iyunithi yindibaniselwano yeenxalenye eziphumeza isenzo okanye umsebenzi. Icandelo linokuba yinxalenye enye okanye indibaniselwano yeenxalenye. Kule ndibaniselwano, inxalenye enye yeyona iphambili, eyenza isenzo esicetywayo (okanye umsebenzi), ngelixa ezinye iindawo zenza imisebenzi yokuncedisa yokudibanisa, ukubopha, ukukhokela, njl.
Imoto ngokubanzi yenziwa ngamacandelo amane asisiseko: injini, itshasi, umzimba kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ke ngoko, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zokwahlulahlula iindawo zeemoto zifumaneka kwezi ndawo zine zisisiseko. Ngokwendalo yeendawo kunye namacandelo, zinokwahlulwa zibe yinkqubo yenjini, inkqubo yamandla, inkqubo yothumelo, inkqubo yokumiswa, inkqubo yeebhuleki, inkqubo yombane kunye nezinye (izixhobo eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zokulayisha, njl.njl.).
2. Imbonakalo yekhonkco lemizi-mveliso.
Amashishini asezantsi naphezulu okuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto ikakhulu abhekisa kumashishini ahambelanayo okubonelela kunye neemfuno. Amashishini asezantsi okuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto aquka ikakhulu iimarike ezibonelela ngezinto zokwenza imveliso, kubandakanya isinyithi kunye nentsimbi, iintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous, izinto ze-elektroniki, iiplastiki, irabha, umthi, iglasi, i-ceramics, ulusu, njl.
Phakathi kwazo, imfuno enkulu yezinto ezikrwada yintsimbi nentsimbi, iintsimbi ezingezizo ezombane, izinto ze-elektroniki, iplastiki, irabha, iglasi. Ezantsi ziquka abavelisi beemoto, iivenkile zeemoto ze-4S, iivenkile zokulungisa iimoto, abavelisi bezixhobo zeemoto kunye neefektri zokuguqula iimoto, njl.njl.
Impembelelo yokunyuka kwemveliso yezixhobo zeemoto ikakhulu ikwicala leendleko. Utshintsho lwamaxabiso ezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokwemvelo (kuquka intsimbi, i-aluminium, iplastiki, irabha, njl.njl.) lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo neendleko zokwenziwa kweemveliso zezixhobo zeemoto. Impembelelo yokwehla kwemveliso yezixhobo zeemoto ikakhulu ikwimfuno yemarike kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike.
3. Ukukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo: Ucwangciso lomgaqo-nkqubo luhlala lusetyenziswa ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhula okunempilo kolu shishino.
Njengoko imoto nganye ifuna malunga ne-10,000 yeenxalenye zeemoto, kwaye ezi nxalenye zibandakanyeka kumashishini nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kukho umsantsa omkhulu kwimigangatho yobugcisa, iindlela zokuvelisa kunye nezinye iinkalo. Okwangoku, imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe enxulumene nokuveliswa kweenxalenye zeemoto isasazwa kakhulu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe enxulumene noshishino lweemoto.
Lilonke, eli lizwe likhuthaza ukulungiswa nokuphuculwa kweshishini leemoto laseTshayina, likhuthaza uphando nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemoto ezizimeleyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinobuchwephesha obuphezulu, kunye nokugcina inkxaso enkulu kwiimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ukukhutshwa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yeshishini leemoto ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kwishishini leenxalenye. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso oluhle nolusempilweni lweshishini leenxalenye zeemoto laseTshayina, amasebe afanelekileyo aseTshayina akhuphe izicwangciso zophuhliso lwemigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene neshishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa kweemveliso zeemoto kuyanda imihla ngemihla, nto leyo efuna ukuba ishishini leenxalenye zeemoto likhawulezise ukuveliswa kweteknoloji, ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezifunekayo kwimarike; Ngaphandle koko, iya kujongana nengxaki yokufumaneka kunye nemfuno, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwesakhiwo kunye nokusilela kwemveliso.
4. Imeko yangoku yobukhulu bemarike: Ingeniso evela kumashishini amakhulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Imveliso entsha yeemoto eTshayina ibonelela ngendawo yophuhliso lophuhliso lweenxalenye ezintsha zeemoto zaseTshayina ezixhasa imakethi, ngelixa inani elikhulayo lezithuthi, ukugcinwa kwezithuthi kunye nemfuno yeendawo zokuhlaziya ikhula, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwanda okuqhubekayo kweshishini leenxalenye zeemoto eTshayina. Ngo-2019, phantsi kwempembelelo yezinto ezifana nokuhla kwemarike yeemoto iyonke, ukwehla kwezibonelelo zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, kunye nokunyuka kancinci kwemigangatho yokukhupha umbane, iinkampani zezixhobo zijongene noxinzelelo olungakaze lubonwe. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lokuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto eTshayina lisabonisa ukukhula okuqhubekekayo. Ngokwezibalo ze-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers kwiinkampani ze-13,750 zeendawo zeemoto ezingaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo, ingeniso eqokelelweyo yeshishini labo eliphambili ifikelele kwi-3.6 trillion yuan, inyuke nge-0.35% ngonyaka. Ngokweqikelelo lokuqala, ingeniso ephambili yeshishini lokuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto eTshayina ngo-2020 iya kuba malunga ne-3.74 trillion yuan.
Phawula
1. Idatha yokukhula konyaka nonyaka iyahluka unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yotshintsho kwinani lamashishini angaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo. Idatha yonyaka nonyaka yonke yidatha yemveliso yamashishini angaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo kunyaka omnye.
2. Idatha ka-2020 yidatha yokubala yokuqala kwaye yenzelwe ukubhekisela kuphela.
Imeko yophuhliso: Imarike yeemoto emva kokuba zithengisiwe iye yaba yindawo ephambili yokukhula.
Ephenjelelwa ngumkhwa womgaqo-nkqubo "wokuguqula iimoto kunye nezixhobo ezilula", amashishini eenxalenye zeemoto aseTshayina sele ejongene nengxaki yobuchwepheshe obungenamsebenzi. Inani elikhulu lababoneleli bezixhobo zeemoto ezincinci neziphakathi banomgca omnye wemveliso, umxholo ophantsi weteknoloji kunye nokukwazi ubuthathaka ukumelana neengozi zangaphandle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kunye nabasebenzi kwenza umda wenzuzo yamashishini eenxalenye zeemoto uguquke kwaye uhle.
“Isicwangciso soPhuhliso lwexesha eliphakathi nelide seShishini leeMoto” sikhankanya ukuba ukukhulisa ababoneleli bezixhobo ngokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, okwenza inkqubo epheleleyo yemizi-mveliso ukusuka kwizixhobo ukuya kwizithuthi. Ngowama-2020, amaqela amaninzi eenkampani zezixhobo zeemoto anomlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan aza kusekwa; Ngowama-2025, amaqela amaninzi eenkampani zezixhobo zeemoto aza kusekwa phakathi kwamaqela alishumi aphezulu ehlabathini.
Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, amashishini eenxalenye zeemoto aseTshayina aya kuphucula kancinci kancinci umgangatho wobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, aqonde iteknoloji ephambili yeendawo eziphambili; Eqhutywa kukuphuhliswa kwamashishini eemoto ezizimeleyo, amashishini eenxalenye zasekhaya aya kwandisa isabelo sawo semarike kancinci kancinci, kwaye inani leemveliso zangaphandle okanye ezidibeneyo liya kuncipha.
Kwangaxeshanye, iTshayina ijonge ukwenza iqela lamaqela ali-10 aphezulu eenxalenye zeemoto kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2025. Ukudibana kweshishini kuya kwanda, kwaye izixhobo ziya kugxila kumashishini amakhulu. Njengoko imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweemoto kufikelela esiphelweni, uphuhliso lweenxalenye zeemoto kwicandelo lezixhobo zeemoto ezintsha luncinci, kwaye imakethi enkulu emva kokuthengisa iya kuba yenye yeendawo zokukhula kweshishini leenxalenye zeemoto.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-23-2022
